Research Data Management (RDM) and the Evolving Identity of Academic Libraries and Librarians: A Literature Review

Academic libraries and their staff are increasingly involved in the Research Data Management (RDM) practices and processes in their universities. This article explores the impact that such initiatives have on the image and identity of academic libraries. This paper proposes that involvement in and leadership of RDM university practices has the potential to re-shape the library’s role, image, and identity within the university, and going forward, to contribute to the library’s continuing relevance to research communities. It also points to the need to develop librarians’ skills and competencies in RDM, and reflects on the dynamics associated with collaboration and competition in RDM. The article concludes with an agenda for future research

Priming stress patterns in word recognition

This study addresses the lexical representation of stress in a series of five intra-modal and cross-modal priming experiments in the Greek language using lexical decision tasks with auditory and visual targets. Three-syllable primes and targets were matched in first syllable segments, length, and other variables, and differed segmentally in the second and third syllable. Primes matched or mismatched targets in stress, which was placed on the penultimate or antepenultimate syllable. There was no evidence for stress priming in either accuracy or latency of responses to either words or pseudowords in any of these experiments, either intra-modally or cross-modally. In contrast, a control fragment priming experiment using only the first two syllables of the primes produced a significant effect of stress congruence for words but not for pseudowords. The results are interpreted in the context of previous findings in the literature as arising from lexical activation rather than from matching stress patterns. Overall, findings are consistent with lexical representations including stress information that is inseparable from segmental specification, rather than with abstract representations of metrical templates

Lexical Stress Representation in Spoken Word Recognition

According to a popular model of speech production. stress is underspecified in the lexicon, that is. it is specified only for words with stress patterns other than the default, termed the “default metrics” assumption. Alternatively, stress may be fully specified in the lexicon as part of every lexical representation. In the current study the two accounts are tested in the perceptual domain using behavioral and eye-tracking data in Greek. In a first experiment. cross-modal fragment priming was used in a lexical-decision task. According to default metrics, priming should occur for targets with antepenultimate- or final-syllable stress but not for targets with the default penultimate-syllable stress. The same word pairs were used in two subsequent visual world experiments. Default metrics predict an asymmetric pattern of results, namely that incoming spoken words with the default stress pattern should inhibit the activation of lexical representations with nondefault stress, whereas the converse should not be observed: that is, spoken words with nondefault stress should not inhibit representations of words with the default stress. None of the results provided support for the idea of default metrics, leading to alternative conceptualizations regarding the representation of stress

Lexical Stress Representation in Spoken Word Recognition

According to a popular model of speech production, stress is underspecified in the lexicon, that is, it is specified only for words with stress patterns other than the default, termed the “default metrics” assumption. Alternatively, stress may be fully specified in the lexicon as part of every lexical representation. In the current study the two accounts are tested in the perceptual domain using behavioral and eye-tracking data in Greek. In a first experiment, cross-modal fragment priming was used in a lexical-decision task. According to default metrics, priming should occur for targets with antepenultimate- or final-syllable stress but not for targets with the default penultimate-syllable stress. The same word pairs were used in two subsequent visual world experiments. Default metrics predict an asymmetric pattern of results, namely that incoming spoken words with the default stress pattern should inhibit the activation of lexical representations with nondefault stress, whereas the converse should not be observed; that is, spoken words with nondefault stress should not inhibit representations of words with the default stress. None of the results provided support for the idea of default metrics, leading to alternative conceptualizations regarding the representation of stress

Cardiovascular toxicity of breast cancer treatment: an update

Novel chemotherapeutic agents have marked a new era in oncology during the past decade, prolonging significantly the overall survival of breast cancer patients. Nevertheless, contemporary antineoplastic treatments can frequently cause adverse cardiovascular side effects. Common manifestations of chemotherapy-induced cardiotoxicity include cardiomyopathy, ischemia, conduction disturbances, hypertension and thromboembolic events, while the type of the treatment regimen administered crucially determines clinical outcome. The aim of this literature review is to analyze the incidence and the underlying mechanisms of cardiovascular toxicity caused by agents approved for breast cancer, as well as to describe ways of monitoring and treating the cardiotoxic effects in breast cancer patients. Moreover, our work intends to provide an easy-to-grasp synopsis of recent and clinically meaningful advances in the field. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Defining Oligometastatic Bladder Cancer: A Systematic Review

Context: Unlike other cancers, the concept of oligometastatic disease (OMD) in bladder cancer (BC) has not been systematically investigated. There is therefore a need to develop universally accepted definitions and guidelines for the management of oligometastatic BC (OMBC). Objective: To conduct a systematic review to assist a European consensus group in producing a definition of OMBC and to provide recommendations on staging and local therapies. Evidence acquisition: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement was followed. Abstracts for articles focused on BC that addressed the issue of OMBC and provided a definition of oligometastatic status were selected. We collected data on the number of metastases, the number of metastases per organ, the number of organs involved, and metastatic sites that were excluded. Evidence synthesis: Sixteen eligible articles were retrieved (9 retrospective series involving 330 patients, 4 reviews, 1 consensus statement, 1 guideline paper, and 1 ongoing prospective phase 2 trial). A maximum of three to five metastatic lesions were compatible with the definition of OMBC. The number of organs involved and lesion size were not universally included in the OMBC definitions. OMD categories studied included synchronous OMBC, oligorecurrence, and oligoprogression. 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography was used in addition to conventional imaging for OMD detection. Surgery and radiotherapy were both used. Systemic chemotherapy was also used in all studies. Conclusions: There is little information on OMBC in the literature. Our systematic review revealed that only three to five metastatic sites amenable to surgery or radiotherapy that respond to systemic therapy is the setting most frequently chosen for a combination of systemic treatment and metastases-directed therapy. This setting could represent a basis for future prospective studies on OMBC. Patient summary: Oligometastatic bladder cancer is a disease state in which favorable outcomes can be expected after a treatment combination of systemic therapy, plus surgery and/or radiotherapy for sites of bladder cancer metastasis. Our systematic review showed a lack of meaningful evidence to define this disease state. There is an urgent need to develop organized research in this field

Aromatase and CDK4/6 Inhibitor-Induced Musculoskeletal Symptoms: A Systematic Review

Background: Treatment with aromatase inhibitors (AIs) is fundamental in women with hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in the adjuvant as well as the metastatic setting. Even though it is considered to be a well-tolerated therapy, aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal syndrome (AIMSS) is the most common adverse event encountered by breast cancer patients. CDK4/6 inhibitors have emerged as a new treatment strategy in metastatic hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. However, the impact of CDK4/6 inhibitors on musculoskeletal symptoms caused by AIs is not well-defined. Objectives: This systematic review aims to identify the frequency of joint symptoms induced by treatment with AIs and CDK4/6 inhibitors in the metastatic setting. Search strategy: Eligible articles were identified by a search of existing literature for the period 2005/01/01–2021/01/01; The algorithm consisted of a predefined combination of the following keywords “breast”, “cancer”, “aromatase inhibitors”, “CDK4/6”, “phase III”. Selection criteria: This study was performed in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. All randomized controlled Phase III trials (RCTs) evaluating the administration of third-generation aromatase inhibitors (AIs) and CDK4/6 inhibitors in postmenopausal women in the metastatic setting were considered eligible for this review. Data collection: Overall, 16 randomized control trials (RCTs) were retrieved, of which nine studies explored the administration of AIs in the metastatic setting and seven studies investigated the combination of CDK4/6 inhibitors and AIs. Arthralgia was reported in 1–47% of patients treated with AIs and 5.8–33.3% of patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Myalgias occurred in 2–23.7% of patients receiving AIs compared with 4.8–11.9% of patients treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. The incidence of back pain was 7–32.9% vs. 2.9–8.5% in postmenopausal women with metastatic disease treated with AIs and CDK4/6 inhibitors, respectively. Bone pain was reported in 7–32.9% of postmenopausal women treated with AIs and 2.9–8.5% of women treated with CDK4/6 inhibitors. Conclusions: AI treatment-induced musculoskeletal syndrome is an adverse event affecting over one-third (20–47%) of postmenopausal patients treated with AIs that often leads to treatment discontinuation. Data from RCTs provide evidence that the incidence of musculoskeletal symptoms is relatively decreased upon CDK4/6 inhibitor administration. CDK4/6 inhibitors may provide a protective role against AIMSS development